Cruise and glide, the difference between two types of super -speed weapons
Extreme -super -pitched weapons refers to weapons that can demonstrate the extreme speed (HYPERSONIC, Mach 5 or more), but in fact, many ballistic missiles, which are existing weapons, can demonstrate extremely super -speed, so they cannot be classified by speed alone.
There are two types of ultra -super -sound weapons that are generally classified as a weapon that can demonstrate extreme speed by flying without flying ballistic flights like ballistic missiles.
Extremely super -sound speed / scrum jet cruising missile
As the name suggests, the Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (SuperSonic Combustion Ramjet) is a ramjet engine whose combustion speed has reached super speed.
The jet engine compresses the inflow air and then mixes it with fuel.The inflow air is reduced when compressing, but the Scrum Jet achieves speeding up by performing the airflow of the inflow air at a super -speed speed.The inflow of ultrasonic flows air and the fuel mix to ignite and burn, and the injection speed of the exhaust exhaust is over extremely ultrasonic speed.
"Ultra -sound combustion" means the speed of the inflow air, which means ultrasonic speed, and the speed of exhaust after combustion is extremely ultra -sound speed.
In the ramjet, the aircraft flight speed is limited to Mach 5, and the scrum jet is Mach 15 if hydrogen fuel is used, and in practical hydrocarbon fuel (petroleum jet fuel), Mach 8-9 is theoretical limit speed.
Speed and altitude, how to fly the scrum jet cruising missile
In other words, the Scrum Jet cruising missile as an extreme superior weapon for military should be recognized as "cruise missiles flying high in Mach 5-9".
Normal cruise missiles fly in a low altitude of the ground, but the Scrum Jet cruising missile needs to fly thinly in the air to maintain the extremely super -speed flight.
Scrum jet cruising missiles will increase the range slightly higher if you drop the speed slightly, so set the flight speed according to the distance to the target.
The following figure is an old U.S. Air Force 1998 research material.The speed at the time of the extreme speed cruising is Mach 6 and Mach 8..5 times different.And since flying at the high altitude of the air, it is high -speed, so if you approach the low -altitude of the air at the end of the end, the speed will drop sharply due to air resistance.
Passion missiles tend to slow down the end of the air inhaled holes, so the final entry speed is slower than ballistic missiles and glide missiles.Therefore, some patent ideas also propose a method of dumping the entire air suction hole.
During cruising, the Scrum Jet Engine will fly while burning fuel and continuing to promote, so you can continue to fly constantly.There is no jump glide flight (skip glide flight), such as another ultra -sound weapon "glide missile" described later.Then, drop off in front of the target and rush.
The same extreme super -speed weapons have different speeds, altitude and flying between cruise missiles and glide missiles.In fact, the two are completely different weapons, and should not be considered to be the same.As a matter of fact, the classification of extremely super -pitched weapons is not very good.
Pure scrum jet alone cannot be operated (booster required)
Like the existing ramjet, the scrum jet also has the engine operation limit speed.You can't work even if it's too late, or you can't work too fast.Especially in the case of a scrum jet, the engine cannot be started unless the speed speed is given, so there is a problem that the rocket booster for acceleration is large.
The same applies to the Scrum Jet cruise missile that requires acceleration boosters, not only in the Russian Zilcon, but also for Scrum Jet cruising missiles developed in the United States and Japan.The following figure is a conceptual diagram of the Scrum Jet cruise missile under development in Japan.
Scrum Jet Cancer Missile (planned by the Japan Self -Defense Force)
If the scramb jet engine can be improved and acceleration at a super -speed speed can be performed with a single engine in lamb jet mode, the booster will be relatively small, and the warhead payload can be increased.Conversely, you cannot completely eliminate the booster.
Since there is no propulsion engine on the glide warhead, the propulsion is characterized by relying on the booster part.After the booster is cut off, the glide warhead flew the altitude of "space between the universe and the atmosphere".
Extreme speed, glide missile flying speed and altitude, how to fly
Since the glide warhead does not have a promotion engine, the speed and range are determined depending on the size of the booster.The following is a rough estimate for the case of ICBM (intercontinental ballistic bullet) and MRBM (quasi -medium ballistic bullet).Please note that it is not an accurate value because it is estimated to the last.
When the booster is an ICBM class (Russia: Avanguart estimation)
When the booster is MRBM class (China: DF-17 estimated)
Black glide flight (skip glide flight)
The ultrasonic speed weapon "glide missile" performs a glide flight (skip glide flight) during the glide.It comes down from an altitude close to the universe, which has almost no air, and rises (pulls up) at an altitude of the air to some extent.As it repeats this many times, throw a stone and make a movement like bouncing the surface of the water.
Glide missile flight simulation (range 8000km class)
By performing this leap glide flight, you can fly long distances at low altitude.However, when re -rise, the speed drops in exchange for the altitude.In other words, the speed of gliding missiles will drop steadily by repeating the gliding gliding, even if the speed is equal to ballistic missiles first.
And if the speed and altitude fall, the existing normal air defense weapons will be easily shot down, so the limit is around 25 km at an altitude of 3-4, and the goal should be entered before that.Adjust the flight.
High -speed gliding ammunition for island defense (glide missile under development in Japan)
- 滑空制御技術 ・空力操舵、スラスタ制御技術
- 高高度滑空機体形状技術 ・機体形状、空力、耐熱技術
Most ballistic missiles can be more faster in the area that flies in outer space without air resistance.A glide missile is a weapon that aims to fly while moving at a low altitude while jumping in exchange for speed.Out -off weapons of missile defense systems assuming ballistic missiles are basically an altitude of 70 km or more, so you can scrape the altitude below.
In addition, you can choose how to fly gradually to lower the altitude without jumping out of the glide flight even with a glide missile, but gradually loweres the altitude without jumping, but in that case, you will always receive air resistance, so the effective range is the validity range.It will be shorter than the glide flight.
[Reference material]
Extreme Superth speed weapon -This name is not appropriate in the first place ~
In this way, even if you say the same ultra -super -speed weapon, the way of flying is completely different between scrum jet cruising missiles and gliding missiles.It would be more correct to see it as a completely different weapon.Scrum jet cruising missiles are only evolved in cruise missiles, but glide missiles are like a child of ballistic missiles and indifferent aircraft.
In the first place, it should not be called a ultra -sound speed weapon, but should have been spread in these two types.After all, the ballistic missile of the conventional weapon is flying at extremely super -speed.However, it is no longer possible to call the extremely ultrasonic weapon to the general public, and it will be impossible to correct it now and spread a new name.
I would be grateful if you could stop in one corner of your heart that there are roughly two types of super -speed weapons.
[Extreme -super -speed weapons in each country] * What is deployed or under exam
* Kinjal claims to be a very super -sound weapon, but the shape is almost the same as the Iskandel short -range ballistic missile.
* LRHW and CPS have a conical warhead shape that is more like a mobile ballistic missile rather than an extreme superior weapon.
* AGM-183A is described as compatible up to Mach 20, but Mach 20 is not demonstrated due to the size of the booster in the sense that the glide warhead can be handled up to that speed.
* ICBM (intercontinental ballistic bullet), IRBM (medium -range ballistic bullet), MRBM (semi -medium -range ballistic bullet), SRBM (short -range ballistic bullet)
